Point to Point Protocol (PPP) 
(RFC 1661)

Point to Point Protocol (PPP) protocol is utilized to establish a connection between 
your PC and your ISP (Internet Service Provider). PPP is used on two points-connection only 
usually modem to modem. This protocol accomplishes a few main tasks:

Checks the condition of the phone line.
Checks your password.
Provides your computer with an IP address valid for the duration of connection.
Establishes the configuration of packets (packet size, compression, etc).
Acknowledge one part that the other is closing the connection.

PPP operates by sending Request packets and waiting for Acknowledge packets that either accept, reject 
or try to change the request. 

Various protocols are utilized to accomplish different tasks which together form the PPP. 

Link Control Protocol (LCP) checks among other things the condition of the line by sending a 
large (4 byte-hex) randomly chosen number (Magic Number) which needs to be returned by the 
receiving part. 

Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) or Challenged Authentication Protocol (CHAP) checks the 
password either sent in clear (PAP) or encrypted (CHAP).

Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) is utilized to assign an IP address to the PC, to 
determine if compression will be used and to setup the configuration of the packets
encapsulated within PPP frames.

PPP PACKET FORMAT (example):

The fields are transmitted from left to right.

+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------------+----------+----------
|   Flag   | Address  | Control  | Protocol | Information   |   FCS    |   Flag  |
|   0x7E   |  0xFF    |  0x03    | 16 bits  |  *            | 16 bits  |   0x7E  |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------------+----------+----------

Here is a typical example of a PPP packet: 
                                                             
7E FF 7D 23 C0 21 7D 21 7D 22 7D 20 7D 38 7D 21 7D 24 7D 25 DC 7D 22 7D 26 7D 20 7D 20 
7D 20 7D 20 7D 25 7D 26 29 23 BE 84 7D 27 7D 22 7D 28 7D 22 DF 7D 30 7E

Packet content:

Start			7E
Address			FF 03			FF 7D 23
Protocol (LCP)		C0 21
Code (CONFREQ)		01			7D 21
Id			01			7D 21
Length			00 18			7D 20 7D 38
Type, Length, MRU	01 04 05 DC     	7D 21 7D 24 7D 25 DC
Type, Length, ACCM	02 06 00 00 00 00	7D 22 7D 26 7D 20 7D 20 7D 20 7D 20 
Type, Length, MAGIC	05 06 29 23 BE 84	7D 25 7D 26 29 23 BE 84	
Type, Length, PFC	07 02			7D 27 7D 22
Type, Length, ACFC	08 02			7D 28 7D 22 
FCS			DF 10			DF 7D 30
Stop			7E

7E is the flag sequence.
7D is the escape sequence (any octet that follows is added 0x20). 

Click Next for FCS calculation code.

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